Vol. 1. No. 3. V%'] 



I>£CB.TIB£R, 1S92. 



Price 10 Cents. 
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Entered at ilie New TorJe Post Office, N. Y., as Second-da ts X^atter. 



PECK & SNYDER, 

HEADQUARTERS FOR 

Sporting Goods 

THE LIVELY SPARRING BAG. 




PEckrSnyo 



^PLETE 



This device is in use by all the expert boxers, and 
is the very best thing- for developing the arms, chest, 
and back. It is a complete gymnasium in itself. 

Price for No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 

I5.00 |6. GO $7.00 

We make these either round or oval shape. 
Gymnasium Catalogue Free. 

Address PECK & SNYDER, 

126-130 Nassau Street, 

New York. 




F M. CLUTE. 
H. W. COWPERTHWAIT. 



W, H. TRAFTON, 
JOSEPH THUM. 



BOW^LING 

A. K. \^oa£:i.i.. 



rONTAININc; INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO BOWL, HOW TO SCOK-F 

HOW TO HANDICAP, SHOWING THE PHYSICAL BENEFIT To 

BE DERIVED FROM ITS PRACTICE, GIVING FULL 

RECORDS OF THE PROMINENT BOWLERS. 



GIVES RULES FOR PLAYING THE VARIOUS GAMES HAVING 
THEIR ORIGIN IN TEN PINS, AND WHICH BEAR 
■^ ■ ^^ DIRECTLY UPON THE GAME. WITH 

MANY ILLUSTRATIONS. 






PUBLISHED BY 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY. 

24 1 Brozi^Iway, yH<?w YorK City 



A 



l-yfi- 



,VBJ 



^^ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1892, by 

The American Sports Publishing Co., 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington , 



BOWLING. 



HISTOEY OF THE GAME. 

From time immemorial the sport of bowling has held a place in the 
pastimes of mankind, not as prominently in past centuries as in the 
present, but suliflciently to warrant notice in the chronicles of the 
ancients. Away back in tlie dark ages of antiquity, traces may be 
found of the modern game of ten pins in its primitive stage. There 
are traces of the sport in Biblical history, in the archives of the Chi- 
nese Empire, and later in Roman history, as well as that of England. 
Germany and France. It appears to be the popular belief that the 
game is of German origin. This is true to a certain extent, if com- 
pared with the present ten pin game as played in this country ; but 
the game of bowls is of English origin, and antedates the German 
game by many centuries. 

The sport takes its name from the large spherical stones called 
bowlers. These stones were used as implements of war by the Ro- 
mans, both in machines and in close combat when repelling an inva- 
sion, these being hurled from the hands upon the heads or breast of 
their foes. In times of peace these stones were used in the forum in 
athletic contest in much the same way as they are to-day in shot 
aiui hammer competitions. In the earliest period of its existence as 
a game it resembled the modern game of "duck and rock" now so 
common among the village lads, and consisted of placing^ a rock at a 
certain distance and rolling a round stone at it, the one coming the 
nearest counting a certain number of points. In England the game 
Avas played with sperical stones with tiat surfaces, and about one 
foot in diameter, weigliing live pounds. They were balanced on the 
fore arm and hurled at a set of nine pins placed so as to form a dia- 
mond, the aim being taken at the head or king pin. In France, ac- 
cording to Cobgrave, there formerly existed a game termed carreau, 
somewhat similar to bowls, the jack or mark being set up on a 
square stone at the end of an alley. In a Thirteenth Century Mss. 



6 BOWLING. 

marked 20 Ed. lY., in tlie Koyal Library', there is a picture of a gam^ 
of bowls being played Avith a small cone erected at each end. Here 
the principle was evidently the same as at the time of its birth in 
America, viz., to see who could cast his bowl nearest the mark. 

While the game was exceedingly popular among the common 
people, there arose at the very outset a prejudice against it among 
the middle class. Acts were passed in the legislative halls of Ger- 
many, France aud England forbidding the playing of the game. In 
England it was considered among the "games like dishonorable, use- 
less and unprofitable," caused probably ])y the same feelings which 
prompted the following quotation taken from Stephen Gosson's 
"School of Abuse" : "Common bowling alleys are resorts that eat up 
the credit of many idle citizens whose gains at home are not able to 
weigh down their losses abroad, whose shops are so far from main- 
taining their play that their wives and children cry out for bread 
and go to bed supperless often in the year." Stow in his "survey of 
London ' also makes the statement that the game was one at which 
money was often risked. He says: "Vv'e made into bowling alleys 
and other parts into dining houses, common to allcomers for their 
money there to bowl and hazard." Ev(m after it made its debut in 
America the same stigmas appear to cling to the game ; not to such 
an extent, to l)e sure, but enough to establish a prejudice against it 
in the minds of man v. 



ITS GROWTH IN AMERICA. 

When Manhattan Island was first settled, or during the sixteenth 
and seventeenth centuries, it was the custom among the young and 
middle-aged men of the colony to play bowls and other games on a 
small green plot of ground or on any suitable piece of smooth and 
level turf, the dimensions varying, according to the ground avail- 
able, but from 90 to 150 feet in length with a proportionate width. 
The favorite place in those days was known as Bowling Grei^n, New 
York City, which is associated with stirring events in American his- 
tory. Later on, in order to enjoy the sport in winter as well as in 
summer, it was onl y necessary to build the alleys under shelter. As 
the population increased so did the game, various improvements 
being made in the building of the alley, until in 1849 it reached its 
supposed zenith. On Broadway, from Barclay street to Eighth 
street, there were one jr more alleys to b(^ found o)i everv block 



BOWLING. 7 

Early in the presen^ centure the game of nine pins, for at that time 
only nine pins were used, was highly popular. This in a measure, 
was ascribed to the improvements made in the construction of alleys, 
many of which were erected on Broadway and in the Bowery. Along 
in the "fifties" the game commenced to retrograde. In New YorJc 
and Vermont durhig the "sixties" laws were passed prohibiting the 
continuation of the game of nine pins, but was useless, as an extra 
pin was added and the name changed to ten pins. With that period 
practically begins tlie present game which in the past three years 
has talien such strides in. popular favor. It might be well to state 
before going further, the present game while related, to a certain ex- 
tent to it, is not the game of nine pins, head pin or cocked hat, and 
should not be confused with the same. In 1875 the National Bowling 
Association was organized with eleven clubs as charter members in 
order to promote a more amicable feeling among the clubs and 
through them advance the standard of the sport. Tournaments were 
held at intervals and rules laid down to govern the game. During 
1889 and 1890 the interest began to increase and a visit could not be 
made to any of the numerous alleys without witnessing a conflict 
between two local clubs. For a couple of years previous to 1889 
the Pomeroy Tournament was the league tournament and there 
gathered together the most expert bowlers of this vicinity to do bat- 
tle for the annual championship. The Academy or Herald tourna- 
ment succeeded them in 1890 and 1891. 



DEFINITIONS OF TERMS DSED IN THE GAME. 

Bkeak. — "When it requires all three balls to knock down the 10 pins 
on the alleys. 

Beidge.— When pins No. 7 and 10 are left stauding after first or 
second ball in any frame. 

Chalk Box.— Box at the foul line, from which the shoes are chalked 
to prevent slipping. 

Dead Wood.— Pins which have been bowled down and remain 
either on the alley or in the pin pit. Dead wood must always be 
cleared from alley before a ball is rolled. 

Foot Maek.— A horizontal line drawn directl\' across the alley, 'the 
centre point of which line on the alley shall be sixty feet from the 
centre of the head-pin spot." 



Frame. — One of the ten equal parts into which the game is divided, 
corresponding to the innings of a baseball game. See diagram on 
page 12. 

Frame.— The triangular outline at the extreme end of the alley on 
which the pins are arranged. See page 9. 

Gutter.— The two troughs, one on each side of the alley, into which 
the balls roll when leaving the alley from the sides. 

Head Pin.— Pin No. 1, see diagram on page 9. 

King Pin.— Pin No. 5, see page 9. 

Lofted Ball.— One which upon leaving a player's hands bounces 
one or more times on the alleys on its way to the pins. 

Pin Pit.— Space back of the alley into which the pins fall when 
bowled from the alley. 

Pin Boy.— Boy who returns the balls cast and resets the pins. 

KuNWAY. — Raised slides at each side of the gutters, over which the 
balls are returned to the players. 

Runway.— Feet to the rear of the foul line, over which the player 
nms before casting the ball. 

Poodle.— When a ball rolls into the gutter before striking a pin. 

Spare.— When all the pins have been removed from the alley with 
two balls. 

Strike.— When all pins are knocked downed by the first ball rolled 
in a single frame. 



HOW TO BOWL. 
There are about as many opinions on this subject as' there are 
grains of sand on the seashore, all of which are worthy of some com- 
mendation. The physical anatomy of bowlers makes it almost com- 
pulsory that each shou'd adapt himself or herself to the style best 
fitted to them. Now it will be the object at the beginning to learn 
how to properly handle a ball. These balls vary in weigth from one 
to fifteen pounds, and from the size of a baseball to a ball 27 inches in 
circumference. It hardly appears necessary to warn the novice 
about the folly of beginning with the largest balls ; it is an unwritten 
law of physical culture to begin with lightweight first and gradually 
increase it; this every athlete, will respect; but bowling is different, 
imd, while the same rule applies with equal force, there seems to be 
an all-powerful inclination to begin with neavy balls. This has the 
effect of straining the nerves in the back, arms and legs, and gives 



BOWILINO. 



REGU lATIQ/l ALl £V5. 

CU.5H10H5 

DEPTH or PIN PIT lO INCHED. 

P\H PIT. 



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to BOWLTNGt. 

the novice the feeling next morning that he must have run up 
against a John L. during the night. He also finds after an hour's 
steady practice that the- oall is very stubborn, and that he has made 
little or no progress. Stick to the small ball until you acquire that 
familiarity with it which will assure you a certain amount of grace- 
fulness as well as accuracy. In lifting a ball from the runway, don't 
grab it with both hands, one hand is plenty strong enough to handle 
it. Turn the ball over until the holes in it are facing upwards, insert 
the thumb, index and second fingers, and lift it from its position, 
letting the arm nang naturally by the side. Then walk to the 
position you desire behind the foul line. If you wish to roll a center 
ball, i. e., from the center of the alley, direct at the head pin. Place 
yourself near that imaginary spot, holding the ball with both hands 
in the center of the body against the chest ; then get your intended 
line by a glance of the eye from the head pin to where you stand. 
Let the hand which holds the ball down to your side ; then, bending 
your body at waist and knees, with the right foot slightly to the ■ 
l»ack of the left, start the ball a-swinging like the pendulum of a clock, 
beginning slowly and increasing gradually until the velocity desired 
is attained ; take a run of a few steps forward, taking care not to step 
over the foul line, and cast the ball, "While the large majority take 
this run, there are a few who omit it; for instance, Charlie King, the 
high average man of Section No. 1 last year, the Herald tournament 
of 1890, and the roller of a score of 287 in a match game, the highest 
yet known to have been niade in a match game, stands perfectly 
steady, faces the pins squarely and bends his body only at the waist. 
The same general rule applies to side ball and curve and twist ball 
rolling, the only difference being in the position taken behind the 
foul mark. 

During the Herald tournament a comparison was made of the var- 
ious styles, centre and side, left and right hand, and curved bowling, 
and no good reason was shown where one style was superior to an- 
other. Whichever style a novice adopts it should not be departed 
from, if an "improvement is desired. Before stepping up to the run- 
way for a ball, the soles of the shoes, unless tennis or rubber-soled 
ones are worn, should be well chalked from the chalk-box at the 
head of the alleys ; this will prevent any possibility of slipping while 
"delivering the ball. Don't take a ball from the runway while an- 
other ball is on its way down ; this will prevent the fingers from be- 
ing smashed between two balls. 



BO\VL:(\f4. 



11 



Foul lime: 






Foul Line. 



• • • 



r 
r 



Foul Line 



n 



BOWLrNG. 



The most comfortable costume to wear during a matcli game is a 
sailor or lawn-tennis shirt, trousers fastened by belt, and lawn-ten- 
nis shoes. This affords freedom and permits of physical benefit. 



HOW TO SCOKE. 
For convenience in bowling the following tabulated formula has 
been arranged : 



SCOKING FORMULA. 





FKAMES. 


Cfc 


ft 

05 




• 


Players. 


! 1 

r 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 












Totals. 



This table consists of a frame, which is subdivided into horizontal 
and perpendicular lines. The number of horizontal lines is equal, to 
the number of players in the game, plus 3, and the number of per- 
pendicular lines to 14, plus the two border of outside lines. Room 
sufficient to permit of the writing in of the players' names must be 
allowed between the left hand border and first perpendicular lines, 
after which the remaining space is divided into 14 equal parts. The 
four places at the extreme right are reserved for the totals, and 
begin from the left, placed in this order: strikes, spares, breaks and 
game. The other ten places are known as frames, and are ten in 
number. In all alleys the diagram will be found upon a side wall, at 



BOWLING. 



13 



a convenient height to permit scoring. The game is as its name de- 
signates, a game of ten pins, and consists in rolling a number of balls 
with the object in view of removing as many pins from the alley 
with each ball as is possible. Three balls are allowed each bowler to 
each frame. Should the first ball remove the entire ten, the bowler 
is credited with a strike (-{-) which is placed in the upper right hand 
corner of the frame in which he was bowling: Should it necessitate 
two balls before they are all removed, the bowler scores a spare (-|-) 
which, like the strike, should be placed in the upper right hand cor- 
ner of the frame in which it is made. If it should require all three 
balls to remove the pins, it counts 10, and is known as a break ; but if 
after the three balls have been rolled pins are still left standing, it 
only counts as many points in that frame as there are number of 
pins knocked down. Now let us suppose that a certain Mr. Blank 
has entered on the alleys and starts to roll a practice game, single- 
handed; the first ball he rolls knocks down five pins, the second, two, 
and the third, 1, making a total of eight in the frame, which is placed 
to his credit on the blackboard or score book, thus : 



Flayers. 


1 


2 


GAME BY 
3 4 


FRAMES. 
5 6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank.. 


8 











































In the next frame his first ball takes nine pins down and the one 
remaining pin is carried off by the second ball. This leaves him one 
ball yet to roll, or a spare ball, and is credited to him in the second 
frame like this : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank.. 


8 


V 





































He starts on his thirdframe with one ball yet to bowl on the second 
frame. With this spare or third ball he knocks down four pms ; with 
the first and second balls in the second frame he had cleared the 
alley scoring 10 pins which, added to the number of pins made by the 



14 



BOWLrNG. 



Spare Ijali, equals fourteen ; now, the score of every frame must ha\ e 
added to it tlie score of every i^reeeding frame. The score in the first 
frame was 8, and in the second frame 14, g-iving a total of 23, and 
is placed in the second frame : 



Players. 


L 


., 


GAME 
3 


BY 

4 


I'KAMKS 
5 


(3 


- 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank . 


H 


V 
23 


1" 
i 




1 
1 


1 
1 

























But he is still on the third frame, and the spare ball tallied in the 
second frame counts the same number of pins in the third frame 
Avhich makes it also count as the first ball in' the third fram<>. 
There are now tw^o balls left with which to remove the remaining 
pins; on the second ball he again re:noves all the pins and counts a 
spare, which is placed in the upper right hand corner : 



GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players . 


i 





3 


4 


5 


(J 


7 


H 


<,t 


10 


Mr. Blank . 


8 


V 

23 


V 

































With the next ball he scores 6 pins, added to the 10 already made 
as indicated by the spare in the third frame, gives him a total of IG, 
added to the score of the second frame 23, gives the score for the 
third frame as 39 : 



Players. 


1 


2 


GAME BY 
3 4 


FRAMES. 
5 6 


rj 


8 


!) 10 


Mr. Blank.. 


8 


V 
23 


V 

39 































After bowling the remaining two balls by which he only succeeds 
in removing three additional pins which, added to the 6 on the spare 
ball in the third frame, which is also the first ball in the fourtli 
frame, gives a total for that frame of 9, which, added to the 39 in the 
third frame, gives a grand total of 48 ; 



GAME liY PKAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 3 


4 5 


(■) 


7 


S 


9 


10 


"Sir. Blank. 


8 


1 23 39 


48 





























III the next or fifth frame he removes all the pins with the first ball 
thus scoring' a strike : 



GAME BY Fit AMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank. 


8 


1 VI V 
1 23 1 39 


48 


+ 


V 




1 

1 






1 






1 
1 







And in the sixth frame, by remcivingall the pins with two balls, he 
seores a spare : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 

Players. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kt 



Mr. Blank 



23 



39 



48 



+ 



I I 



Having made a strike in the fifth frame gives him ten pins for one 
ball, and two balls to be rolled in the sixth frame, and their totals to 
be counted in the fifth frame; with them he scored a spare or 10. 
which gives a total of 20 for the three balls on the fifth frame. This 
added to -±0 i.ii ^.xa fourth frame makes his score for the fifth fraine 
68, and spare ball in the sixth frame : 



GAME BY FKAMES. 



Players. 


" 1 


2 


3 4 


5 (1 


7 


s 


9 


1(1 


Mr. Blank . 


8 


VI 
23 1 


V 1 

39 1 48 


:^l 














1 


1 


1 ■ -i 
■ 1 


i ■ 
1 • 







With that spare ball, rolled in the seventh frame, he makes a 
strike, or 10 pins, whii'h, when added to the 10 pins scored with the 
first and second-balls in the sixth frame, makes 20 pins for the three 



16 



BOWLING. 



balls, which is to be added to the 68 pins in the fifth frame and tallied 
in the sixth frame, 88 : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 

Players. 123456789 10 



Mr. Blank.. 



V 
23 



V 

39 



48 



+ 
6S 



V 

88 



He begins the eighth frame with two balls yet to be rolled in the 
seventh frame; with those two balls he removes 7 pins which, 
added to the 10 pins made with the first ball, or strike, gives him a 
total of 17 pins, to which is added the 88 pins in the sixth frame anci 
closes the seventh frame with 105 : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 



Players. 


1 


2 3 


4 5 


6 7 8 


9 10 


Mr. Blank. 


8 


V VI i+|V|+| 1 1 
23 39 1 48 i t.H 1 88 ! 10. 1 115 | | 


1 
1 




1 


1 
1 


1 

1 



The ninth frame is begun evenly again, and with the first and sec- 
ond ball he knocks down all the pins scoreing a spare : 



Players. 


1 


2 


GAME BY 
3 4 


FRAMES, 
5 6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


Mr. Blank. 


8 


V 

23 


V 
39 


1 + 1 

48 1 6S 1 88 


t 


115 


V 






1 
1 




1 
1 


1 
j 





Now comes the "wind up" or tenth frame ; but he has yet one ball 
to roll in ninth frame, and he mades a strike or 10 pins, added to 
the 10 pins made with the first and second balls in the ninth frame, 
gives him 20, which, added to the 115 in the eighth frame, closes the 
ninth frame with 135. There are now two balls yet to be rolled in the 
tenth frame, and the pins being all down are again set up; with the 
second ball he again makes a strike, and one moreT^all to be rolled 
again ; the pins are set up and, with the third ball, he makes another 
strike ; this counts 10 more or 30. in all for the tenth frame ; 10 by the 
first ball, 10 by the second ball, and 10 with the third ball, which, 



BOWLING. 17 

added to the 135 in the ninth frame, finishes the game and gives him 
a grand total of 165 : 

GAME BY FRAMES. 

Players. 123456789 10 



Mr. Blank. 8 23 



V I i + V I + I I V I XXX 



39 I 48 I e^ 



88 I JO ^15J_135 I 165 



SPARE BOWLING. 

Spare bowling is the mainspring of the game and presents to 
the bowler hundreds of geometrical combinations which will be found 
sufficient to call forth the very highest order of mental strength 
and executive ability, in order to accomplish them. Unlike its side- 
partner strikes, there is very little chance for "luck"to back it up. 
It must be played on merit. While it is true that strikes have a 
greater numerical value and assure the bowler making them much 
credit, it is left for the spare-bowler to awake in the anatomy of the 
spectators that burst of enthusiasm, that out-pouring of pentup 
feeling which has been compared to the "roaring of the surf." Cer- 
tain it is that they are the most difficult of execution, and the mak- 
ing of them closely resembles many billiard shots. Following are 
diagrams of six of the most difficult ones, the making of which takes 
a greater amount of skill and study than the average on-looker has 
any conception. 

The spare in diagram No. 1 is quite frequently met with during 
match games. Expert bowlers play it with a straight right side 
l)all kissing the pin No. 6 slightly on the off-side carroming to pin 
No. 10. No. 6 when rightly struck, is sent flying over against No. 7. 
A novice invariably tries to make this spare Avith a right side ball 
and a carrom from 6 to 7. He will succeed in knocking over G 
and 10, but 7 need have little fear of being reached by the ball, the 
distance being too great. A triangular spare such as is shown in 
diagram No. 2 is executed by rolling a cross alley ball direct at 
the head pin, which is thus sent against No. 7, the ball glancing 
off toward No. 10 ; the spare can be made by rolling from the other 
side of the alley and the result obtained in the same manner. 
Spares like that in diagram No. 3 can only be made by roll': .g straight 



18 



f-r-:--Ji 



w 



8 






7;n 




C^) 



. .10 



(^) 



©^ . . . 

.5 ,6 

1 




(5) 



(e> 



DIR^CTIOM OF=- PJH. 
DJR£:CTIQn OF E>f\L,h- 



bo'v\t:jIng. 19 

rig'ht center ball'5 and 6 and sending pin .3 to 7. A howler may often 
be seen playing a earroni sliot on 6 and 5, but it is exceedingly rare to 
see 7 removed by it. Diagram 4, to the miinitiated, looks tobetho 
easiest thing in the world, but the result is mostly otherwise. To 
play a sideJjall at the head pin Avould lose the spare, as 8 would be 
left standing as serenely as though ne\er having run* a chance of a 
knockout. There are two ways to make it; flrst, by rolling a centre 
ball for the right side of 2 which is sent into the gutter, the ball 
taking off 5 and 8; second, to carrom slightly on the right 
of 2 going to 5, which then takes 8, the ball going to the gutter 
froni 5. A spare like that in diagram 5 makes a team despair 
of its player making more than nine points in that frame. It 
is what bowlers call the "daisy" and is the most difficult of 
execution of any known spare in the game. It can be made by 
rolling a straight side ball from either side of the alley evenly 
leaving not more than 3^-inch space between it and the gutter, 
but with so much speed must the ball be sent and the pins so 
delicately kissed, that it is missed twenty times wliere it is made 
once. All hrst-class teams give spare-bowling their time and atten- 
tion while practicing, and when trying for strikes study the positions 
in which the pins may be left should the strike be missed and their 
bearing on their chances for a possible spare on the next ball rolled. 
These live examples will suffice to illustrate the importance of spares 
in the game and also that they must be played on the same general 
principle as if they were balls, instead of pins, on a billiard table. 



WOMEN BOWLERS. 

Bowling is not a pastime dedicated to masculine monopoly exclus- 
ively, for women seem to take as much interest and derive as much 
enjoyment mentally and physically as the sterner sex. In every city 
there are winter social clubs where once a week, on some specified 
jiight, the members of both sexes meet and to the musical aecompni- 
ment pass the evening in bowling. These clubs are exceedingly 
popular among young people, and with them is rapidly succeeding 
the *'Once a Week" dancing clubs. Many of these combine both fea- 
tures ; dancing taking place among those players Avho are waiting 
.the reoccurrence of their turn at the alleys. 

The opstume worn by wpirjen who indulge in the sport for tiie phy- 



20 BOWLING. 

steal development which they derive from it, is a loose-fitting skirt 
rising a couple of inches above the floor, a blouse or waist worn 
carelessly easy, with the sleeves loosely fitting so as to permit the 
arms full play, and rubber-sole tennis shoes which should be well 
chalked from a box at the end of the alley. If a belt is worn, do not 
have it drawn too snugly, for the hips, next to the arms, receive 
the most benefit from the game, and as that benefit is gained b}- the 
expansion and contraction of those muscles caused by the stooping 
necessary to deliver the ball, a tight belt will bind so as to prevent a 
free and easy movement, hence, defeat the very aims desired. Cor- 
sets should not be worn, but if so, very loosely laced. Care should 
be taken to prevent a draught, but the alley must be well ventilated, 
for the ijngs are continually absorbing the air and at a greater in- 
crease of speed than ordinarily ; besides, the continual dropping of 
the pins and balls stirs up a certain amount of dust, not counting the 
fine specks of powdered chalk continually drifting about. Lady 
bowlers should not be inttuenced by seeing the size of the balls which 
are used during the game by the sterner sex and attempt to use the 
same weight, because they are not to be handled so easilv and are 
likely to over-tax the muscles and cause a severe sprain. A small 
ball can be used just as effectively and the result on the score not 
materially changed. A ball whose weight is about 5 pounds is plenty 
heavy enough ; besides, it will permit much more grace in the handl- 
ing of it, therefore, will improve the style of delivery. 

The game is recommended very highly for women who are troubled 
with backs and hips, and is, when played in moderation, very 
strengthening to those members. Women cannot be expected to 
make as high scores as men do, and should at the very first give up 
that idea. The formation of their arms is an impediment at the 
very outset, and prevents that freedom necessary for the proper 
delivery of a ball. A score of 100 made by them is equivalent to 200 
made by a man, and 200 is equal to the maximum 300. The following 
three "Don'ts" should be respected by them : 

Don't go with your fingers covered with ringg or your arms with 
bracelets. They may be lost or broken. 

Don.'t take a ball from the runway while another is on its way 
down, for the lingers are liable to be broken. 

Don't use a ball "heavier than can De ^comfortably handled; it is 
liable to cause a severe strain if it is done, and gives appearance of 
awkwardness. 



21 



PHYSICAL BENEFITS. 

Bowling, like all athletic sports, has its benefits and injuries to the 
liuman system. It combines in one the benefits derived from run- 
ning without the exhausting after-effect of rowing in strengthening 
the muscles of the back, arms and legs; of shot-putting, and, in fact, 
there may be found in it some of the benefits of nearly every sport. 
The following quotations from Mr. Checkley's "Manual of Physical 
Training," a work unequalled in excellency, shows clearly where the 
sport will add to the human anatomy. 

"The muscles of the body are arranged for the most part in comple- 
mentary groups, by which they act together, pulling and relaxing 
as the case may be. Thus in the limbs the muscles which straighten 
the bones are called the extensor muscles, while those that bend them 
are ca,lled the fllexor muscles. The biceps on the front of the up- 
per arm are the flexor muscles, because they pull up the forearm. To 
straighten out the arm again, the triceps on the back of the arm ex- 
ercise their office as extensors. In the same manner the flexors of 
the leg are on the back and the flexors of the hand are on the palm. 
The tendons join the forearm not far .below the elbow joint, thus giv- 
ing the muscles a very quick leverage on the arm. With so short a 
hold, however, this muscle requires great power. Of course in fixing, 
the arm, the forearm muscles— which in their turn are united w^ith 
the upper arm— are brought into play. When the muscles on the 
front and back of the arm are drawn down it at once becomes rigid. 
The function of muscle is thus to pull. Every movement of which the 
body is possible is brought about by the pulling of one or more mus- 
cles. The pulling is, as I have said, accomplished by the contraction 
of the muscles, and this power of contraction is inherent in them. It 
belongs to their very nature. Of course, it is the duty of every 
healthy being to keep the muscles as perfectly under the control of 
the will as possible. The partnership between the brain and the 
muscles should be complete and continuous. It may be set down as 
an absol :ie truth that no one will become unconscious of his body in 
the right sense until he has first become thoroughly and intelligently 
conscious of every part of it. Now, the contractility of the muscles, 
the power it has to shorten and draw its ends closer together, de- 
pends on the extent and condition of the fibres, the bulky part of the 
muscles as distinguished from the hard and uncontractible tendons ; 
the fibres looking, when highly magnified, like a bunch of red worms 



22 BOWTjING, 

all strotolied in one direction, form the merd of the body as distin- 
guished from the bone and gristle. In fact, the muscles make up in 
weight more than half the bulk of the body. From this it may be 
judged, without argument, that the health of this machinery is of 
very great importance to the health of the body. The muscles are 
not implements whicli may or may not .be used and cultivated ac- 
cording to the taste and pursuits of the person. The>' must be used 
and developed", or the body will fall into ill health. They are more 
than half of us, and must be taken into consideration in a serious 
and intelligent manner. 

"The chief reason why the muscles must be kept in use is that 
their health directly affects the circulation of the blood, and upon the 
perfect circulation of the blood physical health is greatly dependent." 



HANDICAPPING. 

Handicaps can be applied in bowling as well as in any other sport 
and the time is not far distant when the Board of Governors will, 
have to give the matter attention. There is very little interest in a 
game between such clubs, for instance, as the Phoenix and the Grips, 
when the result is a foregone conclusion. Now, as to handicapping, 
let us take the Phfjeenix Club, which has an average of 837 in twenty 
games, and the Grips, which has an average of 777 in the same num- 
ber of games. They could be made equal by the following method : 
Add the averages of both clubs and divide the total by two. Sub- 
tract the result from the highest average and add the difference to 
the lowest average. This difference will be the handicap. The 
handicap should be made on the average of each club in the last 
tournament in which such club rolled at least ten games. An objec- 
tion may be made to this on the grounds that each club is liable to 
<',hange its players ; in that case the average of the new member or 
members of the team can be taken for the last ten games rolled by 
them and added to the team average, less the number of old 
members whom the new members substitue, and a handicap taken 
on the same system. An official handicapper can be appointed, 
whose duty it shall be to know the relative merits of the clubs who 
are members of the American Amateur Bowling Union. 

The schedules of the sectional as well as linal tournaments, with 
the names of the players on such team, can be submitted to him for 



BOWLTNfi. 03 



haadieapping. It may be said tliat this would be a herculean task. 
It is not so. There will not be more than sixty elubs partieipatin^r", 
The handicaps of the Amateur Athletic Union number 400 to 500. 
These are all made within three hours. 



GAMES OTHER THAN TEN PINS. 

COCKED HAT. 

This game is played with pins 7, 10 and 1 standing-. The rules of 
the American Amateur Bowling- Union govern this game. The sys- 
tem of scoring is the same in this game as in ton pins, except that a 
strike counts three. There are no spares, and each pin knocked 
down equals 1. To compute the scores follow the same rules as laid 
in Chapter VII.. only remember the difference in the value of the 
pins and strikes. 

COCKED HAT AND FEATHER. 

In this game pins 7, 10, 5 and 1 aro standing. There are ten frames 
as in ten pins. The obje.'t is not to knock down the feather, pin No. 
o; all the other pins must be knocked down or the frame counts 
nothing; if this is done the frame counts one, three balls are allowed 
in each frame, and 10 points is the maximum. Dead wood is not 
removed except at the end of a frame. 

COLLEGE GAME. 

Here pins 5 and 1 are standing and an additional pin placed in a 
direct line 12 inches in advance of pin No. 1, and is known as the 
picket pin. Pin No. 1 counts 5 points, and pin No. 5 counts 7. The 
object is to bowl down pins 1 and 5 and havetiie picket pin standing; 
if it is knocked down the ft-ame counts nothing. Strikes and spares 
count in this game, three balls are used to each frame, and there are 
ten frames. Score the same as in ten pins, only remember the value 
of the pins. 

NEWPORT GAME. 

All pins are spotted. There are ten frames and three balls to each 
frame. The game is to knock d:)wn an exact number of pins from 1 
to 10, not necessarily in rotation. The bowler who scores the largest 
number of winning frames is the winner. If a player in any frame 
bowls down pins equal in value to any wliich he has scored in pre- 
ceding frames, the frame counts for nothing, and any spare balls he 
may have saved in that fi-anie counts for nothing. Gutter balls 



24 



BOWLING. 



count and dead wood permitted to remain on the alley; one score fs 
only permitted to each frame and alleys used alternately, ballb 
rebounding from the cushions do not count. The manner of scoring 
is as follows : 

FRAMES. 
Name. 1234 5 6789 10 Total. 



Jones. 



Smith.. 



1 Frames 
I lost. 






+ j 


+ 


! i + 

1 1 


+ i 


4 

1 


j Frames 
won. 


1 




3 ; 5 

1 1 i 


7 




9 


1 
10 1 


6 1 


Frames 

lost. 




+ 








-f- 






' 2 \ 


Frames 
won. 


1 


2 




4 




6 


7 


8 


9 


"1 


8 
1 



Here it will be seen that Jones has lost 4 frames and won 6 ; and 
Smith has lost 2 and won 8 ; Smith therefore wins. The -\- above the 
number in frames won. indicates that the player bowled in one frame 
the same number of pins as he did in some other frame and hence 
can count nothing. 



BOWLTNCi. 
HEAD PIN (4 A ME. 

The pins iu lliib ^^ame are set up like tills ■ 



f 



/ 

There are nine pins spotted. The game is divided into 4 frames, in 
each of which a bowler is allowed 4 balls. Two balls being- rolled 
on each alley. The object is to knock down the head pin tirst ; when 
that is done, all pins falling in consequence are credited, but do not 
if the head pin is not struck, in which case the ball is lost to the 
bowler. All pins are respotted after each ball has been rolled, and 
each pin counts 1 ; the maximum score is 144. 



THE GLEN ISLAND. 

Three pins are used, 1, 2 and 3. See cut of head pin game. Should 
the head pin be the last of the pins knocked down, the king or center 
pin counts 2 and the rear pin 3 ; when the head pin is bowled down, 
the center and last pins when knocked down, have a value of 1. The 
head pin only has a value of 1. The dead wood is allowed to remairi 
on the alleys and there are not any restrictions. The possible score 
in the ten frames is 60. 

SEVEN UP. 

Is played with all pins standin'? except pins 5, 2 and 3. Tiie usual 
number of balls are used, strikes and spares counted; ea;'h pir; 
counts 1. Penalties there are none, neither is the dead wood cleare-l 
from the alleys. There are ten frames to a game, and 210 is the pos- 
sible score. 

NINE PINS, HEAD PIN, OUT. 

As its name implies, all pins remain up except pin No. 1. The num- 
ber of frames and balls are the same as in ten pins. There are no 
penalties, neither is the dead wood removed. One pin only in each 
frame must be left standing or there is no count. The maximum 
score is 10. 

T GAME. 

Pins 7, 8, 9, 10, 5 and 1 remain up. The balls and number of frames 
are the same as in ten pins, Strikes and spares count 6 each. TIkmh 
are no penalities and dead wood is allowed to remain. Maximuii^ 
score, 180. 

PIN POOL. 

After tlie game of the same name in billiards. All i3ins are up and 
but one alley used. Fifteen players can participate ; their order of 
rolling is determined by throwing out small ivory balls from a 
leather hotter and the number on the ball indicates the players turn ; 
other balls with numbers on up to 25 are thrown out. The game is 
31 and each bowler endeavors to knockdown sufficient pins, which, 
together with the number on the ball he has drawn, will make the 
desired total . Should the number of pins knocked down taken in 
conjunction witli th<' number on the ball he has, amount to over the 
31 points required, he is declared out of the game and must put up 
fiv3 cents to re-enter. The man who runs out first takes the pool. 
Each bowler is allowed one ball. The rules governing this game are 
as follows; 



BOWIjING. 27 

1. The number of the ball must be deducted from 31, and llio bul- 
Hiiee made by the pins. 

2. When number one is called upon to play, he looks at his ball 
(the nund^er on which, we will say, is 21), and havinif ten pins to 
knock down to make him pool, he proceeds to roll, and if he should 
not make the necessary pins in that inning:, he must wait vmtil his 
]"eg:ular turn comes. 

3. He who makes 31 first is the winner of the pool, 
i. Only one ball can be rolled in each inning. 

5. Whenever a player makes over 31, he is "bursted."" and must de- 
clare himself so. 

(5. When "bursted." the player has the privilege of taking another 
numbered ball by paying the original ante, and in such cases he 
comes in at the foot of the class; for instance, if there are seven in 
the pool, the first "bursted" man comes in number eight in the play. 

7. The game continues until 31 is made. 

8. No lofting or throwing of balls is allowed ; the balls must be 
rolled. 

9. A player has the privilege of rolling with -Any kind of ball, 
whether solid or not. 

10. All pins knocked down by a player in one inning must be scored 
for him on the board or slate used for that purpose. 

11. The board or slate must be placed in such a position that the 
players can see from the alley the number credited to them. 

12. The gamekeeper is the final judge in all matters of disyiute. 

NINE UP AND NINE DOWN. 

All pins up. The player trys to knock down but one pin v\'ith tlic 
first ball, and counts one if he does it; with the i-emaining two balls 
he endeav-ors to knock down all the i-emaining pins except one. 
which also counts one. Twenty is the maximum : no penalties ; rjead 
wood allowed. Ten frames, three balls. 

HEAD PIN— FOUR BACK. 

Pins 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, standing. Two is counted if pins 7, 8, 9, 10 are 
knocked down and pin No. 1 left standing. If all pins are knocked 
down, the player counts 1. No penalties; dead wood allowed. Ten 
frames, three bails, maximum, 20. 

FIVE BACK. 

Pins 7, 8. 9, 10, and G standing: in case of a left Ixanded bowler No. G 



28 BOWLING. 

is substituted by No. 4 ; strikes and spares count five each ; maxium 
150. No penalties; dead wood allowed. Ten frames, three balls; 
score after same system as ten pins, remembering difference in value 
of strikes and spares. 

WHITE ELEPHANT. 

All pins up. The games is to get as few pins as possible without 
the ball leaving the alley. A pool counts three for the player making 
it. The player getting the lowest score wins. Dead wood not al- 
lowed; maximum 10. Ten frames, three balls. 

NINE NO MOEE AND NO LESS. 

All pins up. Object to knock down nine pins with three balls, 
either one, two, three, or all three, if more or less than nine are 
knocked down the frames count for nothing. The player having the 
largest number of nines in ten frames wins. No penalties ; dead wood 
not allowed ; maximum, 10. 

THE OPEN GAME. 

Pins 7 and 10 up. Ten balls are allowed each one of the players 
and the object is to roll them down the alley between them without 
touching either. If the ball goes off the alleys into the gutter, it 
counts one ; and if a pin is knocked down, it counts one. The player 
having the smallest score wins. 

SEVEN DOWN. 

All pins up. Object is to knock down only seven pins with three 
balls ; if this is done with one ball, the other two balls must be rolled, 
and if any one of the three remaining pins are knocked down, the 
frame counts nothing and should one of those two balls go into the 
gutter the frame is also lost for the bowler. The player making the 
most-seven-in ten frames wins. Dead wood not removed; maxi- 
mum, 10. 

FOUR BACK. 
Pins 7, 8, 9, 10 standing. Three balls. Ten frames, strikes and 
spares count as in ten pins. No penalties ; dead wood allowed. Each 
pin counts 1 ; maximum, 120. 



BOWlilNft. 29 



AMERICAN AMATEUR BOWLING UNION. 



In 1890 another step in advance was taken. I^ew blood was infused 
into the national Bowling League. The name was changed to the 
American Bowling League and a readjustment of the spots of the 
triangular frame on which the pins were placed was affected. It was 
found necessary to reduce the size of the pins in every way except 
on the bottoms, which were made larger, so that they would not fall 
so easily. Hence instead of being seventeen inches high and sixteen 
and a half inches in circumference around the thickest part, the re- 
gulation pin is now only fifteen inches high and fifteen inches round, 
while they are now two and one-quarter inches across the bottom in- 
stead of two inches as formerly. It can readily be seen that the 
radical change in the size of the pins made scores of two hundred and 
over less frequent, as the pins not only dropped slowly, but when 
they did fall they were less likely to knock down other pins. More- 
over, the pins are now made of much harder and heavier wood, so 
that they are not scattered over the alley so readily, and therefore 
at times pins remain standing that would formerly have been knocked 
over by the falling pins. This change was calculated to and did shut 
out a most undesirable class of men. It elevated the game nearly 
100 per cent, by making it much more scientitic. The athletic clubs 
began to take an interest in the game and teams were formed to re- 
present them. The Association was then composed of the following 
charter members : New York City— Manhattan Athletic Club, Phoenix 
Bowling Club, Produce Exchange Bowling Club, Atalanta Boat Club, 
Cosmopolitan Bowling club, New York Bowling Club, Ivanhoe Bowl- 
ing Club, American Bowling Club, Kenilworth Bowling Club, Madison 
Bowling Club, Harlem Kepublican Club. Brooklyn— Echo Bowling 
Club, Nameless Bowling Club. Boston, Mass.— Boston Athletic As- 
sociation. Newton— Newton Club. Roseville, N. J.— Roseville Ath- 
letic Association. Jersey City, N. J.— Jersey City Athletic Club. 
Hackensack, N. J.— Oritani Field Club. Westfield, N. J.— Westfield 
Athletic Club. Elizabeth, N. J.— Elizabeth Athletic Club. StatenIs- 



30 BOWLTNO. , 

land. N. Y.— Statv.i Island Athletic Clnl). Tarrytown, N. Y.— Young 
Men's Lyceum Bowling Club. 

Since 1890, and up to the present time, the association has steadily 
increased in membership until it now numbers sixty clubs, represent- 
ing an individual membership of over two thousand. Until 1893 the 
teams consisted of ten men each, but as it had a tendency to prolong 
the playing of a match game and decreasing the individual work of 
the members, it was discarJed and teams of live wei-e substituted. 
The Board of Governors at tlie annual meeting in 1891, having in mind 
the stigmas, which were attached to the game from its infancy, 
caused to be inserted in its constitution the followmg : 

Object.— The object of this league shall be the improvement and 
promotion of the game of ten pins. (Article II.) It also for the third 
time in its history changed its name and is known as the American 
Amateur Bowling Union. Until the meeting referred to above, the 
old inclinatien tf) hazard money, by members playing in a match 
game, still existed, and every effort to stop the practice seemed to 
meet with opposition. At a meeting held in the Tremont Hotel on 
February 24, a step was taken to define the meaning of an amateur 
bowler, which, while by no means complete, Jis a stepping stone for 
future action. 

The three principal features of the new constitution and by-laws 
are as follows : It shall be lawful for any individual, who is a mem- 
ber of one of the associate clubs of this union, and if any associate 
club of this union, in any tournament given under its auspices shall 
present among its players at any game an individual who, in the 
same tournament, or any branch thereof, has bowled with any other 
associate club, the game so played shall be subject to protest, and 
shall be declared by the Board of Governors as lost by the club which 
so illegally played such individual, and shall be awarded to the op- 
posite club, provided such opposite club be not equally at fault, in 
which case the Board of Governors shall order the game to be rolled 
over again by said clubs without their using illegally any players. 
(By-Laws, Article II.) 

And an amateur club within the meaning of this constitution is one 
which shall not have participated in any game or tournament in 
which a prize offered, or contended for w^as money or cash since the 
adoption hereof. And any club that shall violate this provision shall 
be liable to expulsion (By-laws, Article III.). 

And an amateur within the meaning of these by-laws Is an indi- 



BOWLING. .'11 

vicinal who shall not participate in any ^ame of ten pins for mone>' 
or cash prize, or who shall not participate with any team bowlin^^ for 
a cash or money prize. Any individual violating this law shall be 
ineligible thereafter to roll in any game under the auspices of this 
Union (Constitution, Article II., Section 1). 

At a meeting of the Board of Governors of the American Amateur 
Bowling Union, held Oct. 26, 1892, the clubs in the Union were divided 
m the following manner: 

Section A.— New York Athletic Club, Manhattan Athletic Club. 
Staten Island Athletic Club, Xavier Athletic Club, Irving Bowling 
Club, Cosmopolitan Bowling Club, Ivanhoe Bowling Club, Our Bowl- 
ing Club, Produce Exchange Bowling Club, American Bowling Club, 
Atalanta Boat Club. 

Section B, Subdivisioyi /.—Bachelor Bowlinir Club, Windsor Bowl- 
ing Club, West End Bowling Club, Bloomingdale Bowling Club, Grip 
Bowling Club, Harlem Republican Club. 

Subdivision i7.— Phoenix Bowling Club, Madison Bowling Club, 
Aetna Bowling Club, Palisade Boat Club, Young Men's Lyceum 
Bowling Club. 

Subdivision ///.—New York Bowling Club, Standard Bowling Club, 
Prospect Bowling Club, Orient Bowling Club, Kenilworth Bowling 
Club, Astoria Athletic Club. 

Section C, Subdivision 7.— Echo Bowling Club, Monroe Bowling 
Club, Saranac Bowling Club, Recreation Bowling Club, C'onstitution 
Bowling Club, Peconic Bowling Club, Ansonia Bowling Club. 

Subdivion //.—Nameless Bowling Club, Mystic Bowling Club, Os- 
ceola Bowling Club, Pin Knight Bowling Club, Waverley Bowling 
Club, South Paw Bowling Club. 

Section D, Subdivision /.—Jersey City Athletic Club, Columbia 
Club, New Jersey Bowling Club, Arlington Club, Oritani Field Club. 

Subdivision /y.— America Bowling Club, Iroquois Bowling Club, 
Montgomery Bowling Club, Alpha Bowling Club, Roseville AtbJetic 
Club. 

In every subdivision of three competing clubs, the winning club 
only, and that from every subdivision of more than three, and not 
exceeding six competing clubs, the Hrst and so('(>nd clubs in victories 
won, are permitted to take part in the linal tournament. 



32 BOWLING. 



SOME REPRESENTATIVE BOWLERS. 



Bowling- like all other sports has its conspicuous men both on the 
alley and in its councils. As before pointed out the supreme body in 
this sport is the American Amateur Bowling Union, whose rules, con- 
stitution and by-laws, while not obligatory on any other union, 
league or association, are nevertheless where not entirely embraced, 
as the constitution and by-laws of other smaller organizations 
are copied largely by them and its playing rules are universally 
used. Therefore, it will be necessary to start with this organization 
first: 

WILLIAM J. PELL. 

W. J. Pell, president of the American Amateur Bowling Union since 
its organization, and an active member of the Echo and Montauk 
Bowling Clubs, was the conceptor of the American Amateur Bowling 
Union of the LTnited States. Mr. Pell sent out the call for the pur- 
pose of forming a confederation of bowling clubs, from wiiich the 
present Union sprung up, and is, therefore, its sponsor. He won his 
popularity in the bowling world by his ever-watchful care in the 
interest of pure bowling, the promotion of its best features, and as 
an enthusiastic explorer after improvements. He was high-average 
man in the Carruther's tournament in 1889, with an average of 182 ; 
in 1890 in the same tournament his average for 12 games was 178. in 
a match game he has a score ot 268 and in practice 289. During the 
year ending April 30, 1890, he rolled 57 practice games, for an average 
of 175. During the year ending April 30, 1892, he rolled 60 
practice games, for an aveaage of 170. Mr. Pell has been 
an active bowler for twenty years and in that time has been a mem- 
ber of the following clubs in their respective order : Union Bowling 
Club, Athletic Bowling Club, Nassau Bowling Club, Pin Knight Bowl- 
ing Club and at present the Echo and Montauk Bowling Clubs. Mr. 
Pell is enthusiastic over the rapid growth of the Union, and looks 
forward to the time when that body will embrace other improve- 



BOWLING. 88 

ments in keeping with the times, whicli wiii elevate the game and 
increase it in popular favor to even a greater extent than it is 
to-day. 

WILLIAM H. TRAFTON. 

W. H.Trafton, Secretary of the American Amateur Bowling Union, 
and one of its charter delegates, is also a member of the Produce Ex- 
change Bowling Club, and, beside having held every office it the gift 
of its members, is the delegate from that club to the Union. He is 
also a member of the American Bowling Club. Mr. Trafton was 
largely instrumental in the readjustment of the regulations govern- 
ing the size of pins, balls and spots, which has done so much to ad- 
vance the game. As a bowler he is Icnown as "reliable," rather than 
an extra high bowler, though he has rolled 2S5 in practice and 237 in 
a match game. Besides advancing the game through physical ef- 
rorts, he has done by his pen equally as much, if not more, to place 
the game before the public as the most popular of winter sports. 

FRANK M. CLUTE. 

F. M. Clute, Treasurer of the American Amateur Bowling Union, 
enjoys the distinction of having rolled on two champion teams last 
season— the New York Athletic Club, champions of the Athletic 
Bowling League, and the Ph(Tenix Blowing Olub, champions of Sec- 
tion No. 2 and the finals of the American Amateur Bowling Union. 
He hails from the old Mutual Bowling Club of 1885, which was so 
well and widely known during its existance; he later joined the 
Phoenix Bowling Club of which he is president, and the New York 
Athletic Club, whose delegate he is to the American Amateur Bowl- 
ing Union. In 1889 his average for all match games was 163. In 1890 
in match games 170, and in practice he rolled ten games of 280 and 
over, seventeen games between 175 and 290, fifteen games of over 160. • 
In the Herald tournament of 1890, on the Phoenix team which finished 
second, he bowled nine games for an average of 171 -|-. In the Herald 
tournament of April 16, 1891, he rolled on Our Club, and in thirteen 
games had an average of 164-}-. In the finals of the American Ama- 
tuer Bowling Union, May 6, 1892, he rolled fourteen games for an 
average of 165-|-. In Section No. 2, his average for thirteen games was 
176-f-. In the Athletic Bowling League, February, 1892, he played 26 
games and maintained an average of 166, and in the Knickerbocker 
tournament of 1892, he won first prize with an average of over 180. 
Being a lawyer by profession, the American Amateur Bowling Union 



34 BOWLING. 

has always made him chairman of committees for the revision of its 
(constitution and by-laws, rules go ve ring the games, and the division 
and classification of the various sections, where such changes be- 
came necessary. The present constitution, by-laws, and regulations 
and formation of Union into sections is the direct result of his per- 
sonal efforts. Mr. Clute is an enthusiast in the sport and always 
i-eady to lend his experience for its further advancement. 

WILLIAM B. SELLEKS. 

W. B. Sellers, is one of the two men, Mr. George Wadleigh, of the 
Jersey City A.C. being the other, who can lay claims backed by the 
affidavits of witnesses, to the maximum 300 score, which he made on 
the alleys of the Echo Club, Brooklyn, of which he is thecaptai)i, 
Eel). 11, 1890. Mr. Sellers lirst began bowling with the organization 
of the Echo Bowling Club in May, 1883, and has rolled in all the 
tournaments in which the club has taken part. In the first Pomeroy 
tournament, 1886, now the Academy tournament, his average was 
170, and in the second, 1887, his average was 181. In the lirst Car- 
ruther's tournament of Brooklyn, he won third individual prize. In 
tke sub-tournament of Carruther in 1890, iie rolled nine games with 
an average of 192, winning second individual prize. Eor the year end- 
ing April 30, 1890, Mr. Sellers rolled 148 practice games for an average 
of 188. In the Carruther's individual tournament of 1890-91 Jie won 
first prize, by winning sixteen out of 17 games played. In the Herald 
tournament in»1891 he rolh^l U games with an average of 107. For 
the year ended^ April 30. 1891, he rolled 128 practice games for an 
average of 179. In Section 3, 1892, he rolled twelve games for an 
average of 176-f-. and the tinals of the American Amateur Bowling 
Union in twelve games his average was 168-f-. For the year ending 
April 30. 1892, his average in 92 practice games rolled was 170. 
GEORGE WADLEIGH 

G. Wadleigh shares with Sellers the honor of having rolled the 
maximum score of 800, which he accomplished on the alleys of the 
Jersey City Athletic Club, Jan. 8, 1890, in competition for the high- 
score challenge cup of the club. 

HARRY W. COWPERTHWAITE. 

H. W. Cowperthwaite, the captain of the Phoenix Bowling Club, 
and its delegate to the American Amateur Bowling Union, is the only 
one of the four charter members of the Phoenix Bowling Club, the 



BOWIilNG. 35 

chauipioiis of the American Amateur Bowling Ui...,n linal tourna- 
ment for 1892, and the Section No. 2, of the same year, left. He has 
been the captain of the club almost continuously since its organiza- 
tion, and is considered the most scientific captain in this country. 
In the Pemeroy tournament of 1886 he won first high average prize, 
making an average of 185 in eleven games. In 1889 he won the Pha^- 
nix yearly match trophy, with an average of 186. His practice game 
average was 183. In 1890, out of oi practice games 10 were 200 or 
over; 28 between 175 and 200, and six of over 160. In match games 
that year his average was 182. He is second to Charlie King for 
high match-game score, 224. In the Herald tournament of 1890 h<^ 
had an average of 195-|- in nine games, winning second individual prize 
— the winner beating him by one pin — an average taken from seven 
games. In the Young Men's Christian Association Bowling League, 
1890, he was high average man with an average of 175-|- in 18 games. 
In the Herald tournament of 1891 in 14 games his average was 168-}- • 
In Section 2, of the American Amateur Bowling Union, 1892, he bowled 
20 games for an average of 172-}-. In the finals the same year, Avitli 
14 games, he made an average of 179-}-, winning second prize. 

CHAKLES R. KING. 

C. K. King, the holder of the amateur record for a match game 
score, 287, and the "old reliable," is another of the graduates of the 
PlKJpnix Bowling Club. In match games rolled during 1889, he had an 
average of 176. During 1890 his match game average was 174 ami 
his practice game average 180; he rolled fourteen 200 or better games 
in tliat year, twenty-two between 175 and 200, and seventeen above 
16). He captured the Herald high individual prize in 1891, making 
an average of 181-}-. In twelve games in the Section No. 1 of the 
American Amateur Bowling Union. lii 1892 he participated in four- 
teen games, making an average of 187 5-14, which is the record lor 
the American Amateur Bowling Union in competition. In the linals 
the same year he had an a\'erage of 165 in fourteen games. He has; 
bowled on the teams of the following Clubs in th(i order named : 
Metropolitan, Pha^nix, Ivanhoe, and this season will roll in the con- 
test of the American Amateur Bow'ing Union with the team of the 
New York Bowling Club. Mr. King is one of the exceptions to the 
general run of bowlers, as he neve: runs with a ball previous to its 
delivery, but stands perfectly stationai-y, within a few feet of the foul 



36 BOWLIN©. 

line. His services are probably more sought after b}' bowling clubs 
than any other bowler in the city, and the club which secures him is 
considered to have drawn a prize. 

W. F. SHAW. 
W. F. Shaw, the individual champion of last year's finals of the 
American Amateur Bowling Union, has for a number of years rolled 
on the team of the New York Athletic Club. In the Herald tourna- 
ment of 1890 he had an average of 172+ in seven games rolled. In 
the Athletic League of that year, in eight games he had an average 
of 160. In 1891 in the finals of the American Amateur Bowling Union 
he rolled on the Our Bowling Club's team, the New York Athletic Club 
not taking part, and with fourteen games had an average of 155x. 
During 1892, he took yart in three tournaments. In section No. 1 he 
had an average of 164 in fourteen games. In the Athletic League he 
had an average in 28 games of 166, and in the hnals of the American 
Amateur Bowling Union he won first individual average prize mak- 
' Jig 184 in 14 games. He was the high average bowler of the New 
Tork Athletic Club for 1890 and 1892. 

THOMAS CUETIS. 
For fifteen years Thomas Curtis has been before the Bowling world. 
He was the organizer of the Pin Knight, Germania, Excelsior, and 
Echo Bowling Clubs, all of which have made names for themselves. 
For five years he was the president of the latter club. He was the or- 
ganizer of the first tournament on the Elephant Club alleys, Brook- 
lyn, now the Carruther's tournament. He was one of the organ- 
i zers of the Pomeroy tournament, which was afterwards the Herald 
tournament and is now the Academy tournament. Four years ago 
Mr. Curtis issued a challenge to bowl any person connected with a 
regular club a series of match games, being of the same age as Mr. 
Curtis, fifty-nine years. The first person to accept was Mr. Whitely . 
of the Boseville Athletic Club. The games were rolled on the allej'^s 
of the North End Club, Newark. Mr. Curtis won, rolling five games 
with an average of 164 against Mr. Whitely's 158. The second match 
was with Peter Balyea, of the Amorita Club, of the Eastern District, 
Brooklyn. The games were rolled on Heiser's alleys, and again Mr. 
Curtis won, with an average of five games of 146 1-5 against Mr. 
■Ral yea's 143 1-5. Mr. Curtis has been absent but twice in eight years 
from the regular practice nights of the Echo Club. In 1891 he rolled 



BOWLING. 37 

210 games, with an average of 154. In 1890 he rolled 213 games, mak- 
ing an average of 145. In 1892 he bowled 200 games with an average 
of 150. Mr. Curtis rolls a cross-alley ball with a peculiar twist, which 
is generally very effective in knocking down the pins. His reputa- 
tion as a bowler makes his counsel in matters connected with tour- 
naments greatly sought for. 

F. BKILL. 

F. Brill was the individual champion of the first Herald tourna- 
ment in 1890, rolling seven games for an average of 196-]-. He bowled 
that year with the Produce Exchange Bowling Club. In the same 
tournament in 1891, he rolled on the American Bowling Club's team 
and made an average in fourteen games of 168-|-. In the Section No. 
2, 1892, of the American Amateur Bowling Union, he rolled on the 
Astoria Bowling Club's team and made an average in seventeen 
games of 174-j— The team, however, did not qualify for the hnals. 
He w^as therefore deprived from the right to roll for the individual 
championship for that year. In the Athletic League of 1892 he 
rolled on the Staten Island Athletic Club's team, and from twenty- 
eight games drew an average of 168. In the Astoria tournament of 
1890 he bowled with the llrst team of the Liberty Club and rolled ten 
games, making an average of 177+, which was third average. He 
will roll on the team of the New York Bowling Club in Section B, 
Subdivision No. 2, of the American Amateur Bowling Union, which 
goes on record as the season of 1893. 



38 



Rules of tbe Aipericain AiDa^^teur Bowlinsf Union 
of t\)t United 5taites. 



(Adopted Septemhe.r 10, 1892.) 



1. These rules shall be known as the Rules of the American Ama- 
teur Bowling Union. 

2. The game to be played shall be the American Ten Frame Game, 
and shall be played on a regulation alley with regulation pins and 
balls. 

3. A regulation alley shall not be less than forty-one and shall not 
exceed fort-two inches in width, and shall have a run, back of the 
foul line, of at least fifteen feet. The spots on the alley shall be 
twelve inches apart from centre to centre. The gutters shall incline 
down from a point about opposite the head pin to the pit, so that the 
gutter, where it enters the pit, shall be at least four inches in depth 
l)elow the surface of the alley. The pit shall be at least ten inches in 
depth below the surface of the alley. No cushions shall be attached 
to the partitions between, or at the sides of the alleys or gutters, at 
any point opposite the pins ; but the partitions may be covered with 
one layer of leather, only, not exceeding one-half an inch in thick- 
ness. The outside of the said covering shall not be less than twelve 
inches from the centre of the nearest corner pin spot. 

4. A regulation pin shall be fifteen inches in height, two-and-a- 
quarter inches in diameter at the bottom, fifteen inches in circum- 
ference at the body or thicket part (four-and-a-half inches from the 
bottom), five inches in circumference at the neck (ten inches from 
the bottom), and seven-and-three-quarters inches in circumference 
at the thickest part of the head (thirteen-and-a-half inches from the 
bottom.) 

5. A regulation V)all shall not exceed twenty-seven inches in cir- 
cumference. 

6. In the playing of match games a line shall be drawn across the 
alleys and guttei-'S, and continued upward at right angles at each 



end, if possible, tlie centre point of wliicli line on the alley shall be 
sixty f<^ot from the centre of the heatl-pin spot. 

7. Match games shall be called at (nght o'clock p.m., and must be 
started at or before 8.30 p. m. Should either club fail to produce any 
of its men jit the latter hour the captain of the team present may 
claim the game. 

8. In match games an equal number of men from each club shall 
constitute the teams. In case a club shall not be able to produce a 
full team, it may play, but the opposing club may play its full team 
if present. 

9. In playing, two alleys only shall be used; the players of the con- 
testing teams to roll successively, and but one frame at a time, and 
to change alleys each frame. The game shall consist of ten frames 
on each side. All strikes and spares made in the tenth frame shall 
be rolled off before leaving the alley, and on the same alley as made. 
Should there be a tie at the end of the tenth frame, play shall con- 
tinue upon the same alley until a majority of points upon an equal 
number of frames shall be attained, which shall conclude the 
game. 

10. Players must play in regular rotation, and after the first frame 
no changes shall be made in players of their position unless with the 
consent of the captains. 

11. A player in delivering a ball must not step on or over the line, 
nor allow any part of his body to touch on or beyond the line, nor 
any portion of his foot to project over the line, while at rest, until 
after the ball has reached the pins. Any ball so delivered shall be 
deemed foul, and the pins made on such ball, if any, shall be rcspot- 
ted. Should any ball delivered leave the alley before reaching the 
pins, or any ball rebound from the back cushion, the pins, if any, 
made on such balls shall not count, but must be respotted. All such 
balls to count as balls rolled. Pins knocked down by pin or pins 
rebounding from the side or back cushion shall count as pins down. 

12. The dead wood must be removed from the alley after each ball 
rolled. Should any pins fall in removing the deadwood, such pins 
must be respotted. 

13. In all match games two umpires shall be selectetl by the 
captains of the competing teams, to be stationed at the points and 
to respectively perform the duties they may agree upon. 

14. In all match games there shall be two scorers appointed, one 
by the captain of each team, wliose duty it shall be to keep a correct 



40 BOWLING. 

record of the game, and at the conclusion thereof sign theirnames 
to the score. 

15. The umpire shall take great care that the regulations respect- 
ing the balls, alleys, pins and all the rules of the game are strictly 
observed. They shall be the judges of fair and unfair play at their 
respective stations, and shall determine all disputes and differences 
which may occur during the game. They shall take special care to 
declare all foul balls immediately upon their delivery, unasked, and 
in a distinct and audible voice. They shall in every instance, before 
leaving the alley, declare the winning club and sign their names to 
the scores. The decision of either of the umpire, respecting matters 
at their stations, shall in all cases be final. 

16. Neither umpires nor scorers shall be changed during a match 
game, unless with the consent of the captains of the teams. 

17. No person engaged ia a match game as umpire or scorer shall 
be directly or indirectly interested in any bet upon the game. 



BOWLlNCt. 



41 




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Selected Regulation Lignumvitce Ball. . • • -J^-^^ eac/i 
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5esf Selected Regulation Ten Pins, per set of 10, 4.00 

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5p«ci2^I Prices on Conjplet^ S^t? of BaHs An<l I'ins. 

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The balls ot our manufacture are of the best lignum- 
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Foot Ciialk, ----- 

Sponges, - - - . Per Piece $Q. 75 to 2.00 

Swing Cushions, ----- Each, 7.50 

Riibb3r for Newels, _ , - Each $0.75 to 1 .00 

Blackboards, ----- Each, 4.00 
Mahogany framed Slates, for top of Newel, - " 8.00 
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Bras 3 Sponge Cups, nickel-plated, - - " 4.50 

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A. O. SPALDING & BROS., 



CHICAGO, 

j8 Madis>i St. 



NEW YORK, 

J I -243 Broadway, 



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1032 Chestnut St. 



Importers and Manufacturers of 

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llATHLETICGOOb^ 

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Of different styles and jvriglits^from $2.50 to $5.()() each. 

REGULATION BALL BAG. 

■Rai?^ to order for carrying individual ball, made of an 
^''^'Stra quality of^eather with strong hamiles, ^^„^^ 

Bags mide^o? brown canv'as, trimmed with leather,' 

and leather handles, - - - ' t'^it^e, i.^o 
S«0<1 lor C^ta-logu^. 



A dvertise ... ^ 

IN 

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Athletic ^^ library 

PUBLISHED MONTHLY. 

The Only Library Devoted to Sport that is Published. 

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Published monthly, will be sent post paid to any address in 
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Subscription Rates :— i Year, $1.20; 6 Mos. 60c.; 3 Mos., 30c, 

Address American Sports Publishing Co., 

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apd ^quipmepts. 



CANVAS SH00TIN(4 COAT, $1.00. 

CORDUROY SHOOTIN(^ COAT, $5.00. 

CARTRID(^E BELTS, 25c. 

HATS, 50c. CAPS, 66c. 
<4UN ( ASES, 50c. 

COMPLETE SUIT, Canvas, $3.75. 

COMPLETE SUIT, Corduroj, $13.00. 



All goods of our make delivered free of mail or express charges 
to any part of the U. S. on receipt of catalogue price, or we will 
send C. O. D. with the privilege of examination. 



CATALOGUE AND SAMPLES FREE. 

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108 MADISON STREET, 

Chicago, III. 



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Hanufectufer? of Bopg l|IoVe^ 

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of Boxing Gloves on application free. 

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Xo. 1113 Market Street, ? - Philadelphift, Pa, 



AMERICA'S REPRESENTATIVE BALL PAPER. 

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The Only Ease Ball and Cycling* Newspaper in the Country, 



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Regulation Ten=Pin Ball Bag. 

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